Finding the Right Specialist Doctor

Why a fellowship-trained reproductive urologist matters — and how to find one.

Last updated: May 2026 Reading time: ~3 min Step: 2 of 14

Key Takeaways

  • You need a reproductive urologist (fellowship-trained in male infertility), not a general urologist.
  • ~20 fellowship directors nationwide are at the forefront of the field and see the most complex cases.
  • Get a second opinion before any surgery — azoospermia care is highly specialty-dependent.

Your First Major Step

If you haven't already, finding the right doctor is your most important next move. While urologists generally treat male infertility, most have limited experience in this specialized field. Your goal is to find a urologist who specifically focuses on male infertility — sometimes listed under "men's health" or "andrology."

What to Look For

Fellowship Training

Look for urologists who have completed a fellowship in male infertility or andrology. This additional year of specialized training indicates advanced expertise in the field. However, extensive clinical experience can serve as a valuable alternative — if a urologist hasn't completed fellowship training but has substantial experience treating male infertility patients, this hands-on experience may provide comparable expertise.

Fellowship Directors

Consider the small group of doctors (approximately 20 nationwide) who run their own male infertility fellowship programs. These physicians are typically at the forefront of the field and see the most complex cases.

Important A general urologist may treat common male health issues well, but azoospermia — and especially microTESE surgery — requires a microsurgically trained specialist. Going to the wrong doctor first is one of the most common avoidable mistakes in this journey.

Important Perspective

Remember that doctors are knowledgeable professionals, but they're not infallible. They make decisions based on available data and their experience, but they don't have all the answers. While you need medical expertise to guide your treatment, ultimately your health decisions are your own. Don't hesitate to seek second opinions or ask detailed questions about your treatment options.

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of doctor treats azoospermia?

A fellowship-trained reproductive urologist (also called a male infertility specialist or andrologist). General urologists typically lack the specialized training in microsurgical sperm retrieval and complex male infertility cases.

How do I find a male infertility specialist near me?

Start with the SSMR directory. You can also look up the ~20 doctors who run their own male infertility fellowship programs — they tend to be at the leading edge of the field.

Should I get a second opinion?

Yes, especially before any surgical procedure. Azoospermia care is a niche specialty where expertise varies widely, and a second opinion from a fellowship-trained reproductive urologist can confirm the diagnosis and treatment plan.